Since its inception in 1994, RMRL has acquired a comprehensive collection of literature and other material that are of great significance to scholars of South Indian studies, particularly Tamil studies.
These collections attract hundreds of scholars from around the world. Keeping the Roja Muthiah’s original treasure as the nucleus, RMRL has added several donors collections to its stacks. Donors consider that their collection would be safely preserved by RMRL and be put to good use by scholars.
Some of its significant collections are:
- Mu. Arunachalam's collection - rare books related to Tamil literature and grammar
- A. K. Ramanujan's collection - books related to ancient and modern Tamil literature
- T. P. Meenakshisundaram's collection - books related to Tamil language and literature.
- Sa. Kandasamy's collection - books related to Tamil literature, little magazines and periodicals
- Sivasankari's collection - Modern literature, audio tapes and photographs
- S. Muthiah's collection - Books related to the history of Madras